Details of the Drug

General Information of Drug (ID: DMOU1PK)

Drug Name

Praziquantel

Synonyms

Azinox; Biliricide; Biltricide; Cesol; Cisticid; Cutter; Cysticide; Droncit; Drontsit; Prasiquantel; Praziquantelum; Pyquiton; Traziquantel; Bayer Brand of Praziquantel; Cutter Tape Tabs; Merck Brand of Praziquantel; Embay 8440; P 4668; Bay-8440; Biltricide (TN); EMBAY-8440; NPFAPI-02; Praziquantelum [INN-Latin]; Biltricide, Droncit, Praziquantel; Praziquantel (JAN/USP/INN); Praziquantel [USAN:INN:BAN:JAN]; Praziquantel, (R)-Isomer; Praziquantel, (S)-Isomer; Praziquantel, (+-)-Isomer; (+-)-2-(Cyclohexylcarbonyl)-1,2,3,6,7,11b-hexahydro-4H-pyrazino(2,1a)isoquinolin-4-one; (11bS)-2-(cyclohexylcarbonyl)-1,2,3,6,7,11b-hexahydro-4H-pyrazino[2,1-a]isoquinolin-4-one; 2-(Cyclohexylcarbonyl)-1,2,3,6,7,11b-hexahydro-4H-pyrazino(2,1-a)isoquinolin-4-one; 2-(Cyclohexylcarbonyl)-1,2,3,6,7,11b-hexahydro-4H-pyrazino[2,1-a]-isoquinolin-4-one; 2-(Cyclohexylcarbonyl)-1,2,3,6,7-11b-hexahydro-4H-pyrazino(2,1a)isoquinolin-4-one; 2-(Cyclohexylcarbonyl)-1,2,3,6,7-11b-hexahydro-4H-pyrazinoe(2,1a)isoquinolin-4-one; 2-(cyclohexanecarbonyl)-3,6,7,11b-tetrahydro-1H-pyrazino[2,1-a]isoquinolin-4-one; 2-(cyclohexylcarbonyl)-1,2,3,6,7,11b-hexahydro-4H-pyrazino[2,1-a]isoquinolin-4-one; 2-Cyclohexanecarbonyl-1,2,3,6,7,11b-hexahydro-pyrazino[2,1-a]isoquinolin-4-one; 2-Cyclohexylcarbonyl-1,2,3,6,7,11b-hexahydro-4H-pyrazino(2,1-a) isoquinolin-4-one; 8440, EMBAY

Indication

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Flatworm infection	1F70-1F86	Approved	[1]
Opisthorchiasis	N.A.	Approved	[2]
Schistosomiasis	1F86	Approved	[2]
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Therapeutic Class

Anthelmintics

Drug Type

Small molecular drug

Structure

3D MOL

2D MOL

#Ro5 Violations (Lipinski): 0

Molecular Weight (mw)

312.4

Logarithm of the Partition Coefficient (xlogp)

2.7

Rotatable Bond Count (rotbonds)

Hydrogen Bond Donor Count (hbonddonor)

Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count (hbondacc)

ADMET Property

Absorption: The drug is rapidly absorbed []
BDDCS Class: Biopharmaceutics Drug Disposition Classification System (BDDCS) Class 2: low solubility and high permeability [3]
Elimination: 2% of drug is excreted from urine in the unchanged form [3]
Half-life: The concentration or amount of drug in body reduced by one-half in 0.8 - 1.5 hours (in serum) [4]
Metabolism: The drug is metabolized via renal []
MRTD: The Maximum Recommended Therapeutic Dose (MRTD) of drug that ensured maximising efficacy and moderate side effect is 240.07001 micromolar/kg/day [5]
Water Solubility: The ability of drug to dissolve in water is measured as 0.4 mg/mL [3]

Chemical Identifiers

Formula: C19H24N2O2
IUPAC Name: 2-(cyclohexanecarbonyl)-3,6,7,11b-tetrahydro-1H-pyrazino[2,1-a]isoquinolin-4-one
Canonical SMILES: C1CCC(CC1)C(=O)N2CC3C4=CC=CC=C4CCN3C(=O)C2
InChI: InChI=1S/C19H24N2O2/c22-18-13-20(19(23)15-7-2-1-3-8-15)12-17-16-9-5-4-6-14(16)10-11-21(17)18/h4-6,9,15,17H,1-3,7-8,10-13H2
InChIKey: FSVJFNAIGNNGKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Cross-matching ID

PubChem CID: 4891
ChEBI ID: CHEBI:91583
CAS Number: 55268-74-1
DrugBank ID: DB01058
TTD ID: D0L9ZR
INTEDE ID: DR1329
ACDINA ID: D00549

Combinatorial Drugs (CBD)

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Repurposed Drugs (RPD)

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Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug

Drug Therapeutic Target (DTT)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	MOA	REF
Glutathione-dependent PGD synthase (HPGDS)	TTCYE56	HPGDS_HUMAN	Inhibitor	[6]

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Drug-Metabolizing Enzyme (DME)

DME Name	DME ID	UniProt ID	MOA	REF
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)	DE4LYSA	CP3A4_HUMAN	Substrate	[7]
Mephenytoin 4-hydroxylase (CYP2C19)	DEGTFWK	CP2CJ_HUMAN	Substrate	[8]
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2)	DEJGDUW	CP1A2_HUMAN	Substrate	[8]
Cytochrome P450 3A5 (CYP3A5)	DEIBDNY	CP3A5_HUMAN	Substrate	[9]
Cytochrome P450 3A7 (CYP3A7)	DERD86B	CP3A7_HUMAN	Substrate	[9]
Cytochrome P450 3A43 (CYP3A43)	DEO1IE3	CP343_HUMAN	Substrate	[9]

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Drug Off-Target (DOT)

DOT Name	DOT ID	UniProt ID	Interaction	REF
Interleukin-5 (IL5)	OTAFPSCO	IL5_HUMAN	Gene/Protein Processing	[10]
Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 8 (TRPM8)	OT7ACGYK	TRPM8_HUMAN	Drug Response	[11]

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Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA)

MIA Detail

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Molecular Expression Atlas of This Drug

The Studied Disease

Flatworm infection

ICD Disease Classification

1F70-1F86

Molecule Name	Molecule Type	Gene Name	p-value	Fold-Change	Z-score
Glutathione-dependent PGD synthase (HPGDS)	DTT	HPGDS	1.63E-05	0.34	0.71
Cytochrome P450 3A43 (CYP3A43)	DME	CYP3A43	1.55E-01	-2.09E-02	-1.34E-01
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2)	DME	CYP1A2	7.36E-01	1.62E-02	1.08E-01
Cytochrome P450 3A5 (CYP3A5)	DME	CYP3A5	9.96E-01	-3.17E-03	-1.84E-02
Mephenytoin 4-hydroxylase (CYP2C19)	DME	CYP2C19	2.40E-01	-3.31E-02	-1.97E-01
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)	DME	CYP3A4	1.04E-02	6.29E-02	3.54E-01

Molecular Expression Atlas (MEA)

MEA Detail

Jump to Detail Molecular Expression Atlas of This Drug

Drug-Drug Interaction (DDI) Information of This Drug

Coadministration of a Drug Treating the Disease Different from Praziquantel (Comorbidity)

DDI Drug Name	DDI Drug ID	Severity	Mechanism	Comorbidity	REF
Metreleptin	DM1NOEK	Moderate	Increased metabolism of Praziquantel caused by Metreleptin mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme.	Acute diabete complication [5A2Y]	[12]
Ivosidenib	DM8S6T7	Moderate	Increased metabolism of Praziquantel caused by Ivosidenib mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme.	Acute myeloid leukaemia [2A60]	[12]
Arn-509	DMT81LZ	Major	Increased metabolism of Praziquantel caused by Arn-509 mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme.	Acute myeloid leukaemia [2A60]	[12]
Oritavancin	DM28D05	Moderate	Increased metabolism of Praziquantel caused by Oritavancin mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme.	Bacterial infection [1A00-1C4Z]	[12]
Pexidartinib	DMS2J0Z	Moderate	Increased metabolism of Praziquantel caused by Pexidartinib mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme.	Bone/articular cartilage neoplasm [2F7B]	[12]
Tucatinib	DMBESUA	Moderate	Decreased metabolism of Praziquantel caused by Tucatinib mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Breast cancer [2C60-2C6Y]	[13]
Lumacaftor	DMCLWDJ	Major	Increased metabolism of Praziquantel caused by Lumacaftor mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme.	Cystic fibrosis [CA25]	[14]
MK-8228	DMOB58Q	Moderate	Decreased metabolism of Praziquantel caused by MK-8228 mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Cytomegaloviral disease [1D82]	[15]
Cenobamate	DM8KLU9	Moderate	Increased metabolism of Praziquantel caused by Cenobamate mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme.	Epilepsy/seizure [8A61-8A6Z]	[12]
Fosphenytoin	DMOX3LB	Major	Increased metabolism of Praziquantel caused by Fosphenytoin mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme.	Epilepsy/seizure [8A61-8A6Z]	[12]
Rufinamide	DMWE60C	Moderate	Increased metabolism of Praziquantel caused by Rufinamide mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme.	Epilepsy/seizure [8A61-8A6Z]	[12]
Phenobarbital	DMXZOCG	Major	Increased metabolism of Praziquantel caused by Phenobarbital mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme.	Epilepsy/seizure [8A61-8A6Z]	[12]
Eslicarbazepine	DMZREFQ	Moderate	Increased metabolism of Praziquantel caused by Eslicarbazepine mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme.	Epilepsy/seizure [8A61-8A6Z]	[12]
Tazemetostat	DMWP1BH	Moderate	Increased metabolism of Praziquantel caused by Tazemetostat mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme.	Follicular lymphoma [2A80]	[12]
Itraconazole	DMCR1MV	Moderate	Decreased metabolism of Praziquantel caused by Itraconazole mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Fungal infection [1F29-1F2F]	[16]
Sulfinpyrazone	DMEV954	Moderate	Increased metabolism of Praziquantel caused by Sulfinpyrazone mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme.	Gout [FA25]	[12]
Rifapentine	DMCHV4I	Major	Increased metabolism of Praziquantel caused by Rifapentine mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme.	HIV-infected patients with tuberculosis [1B10-1B14]	[12]
MK-1439	DM215WE	Moderate	Increased metabolism of Praziquantel caused by MK-1439 mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme.	Human immunodeficiency virus disease [1C60-1C62]	[12]
Etravirine	DMGV8QU	Moderate	Increased metabolism of Praziquantel caused by Etravirine mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme.	Human immunodeficiency virus disease [1C60-1C62]	[12]
Darunavir	DMN3GCH	Moderate	Decreased metabolism of Praziquantel caused by Darunavir mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Human immunodeficiency virus disease [1C60-1C62]	[17]
Lesinurad	DMUR64T	Moderate	Increased metabolism of Praziquantel caused by Lesinurad mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme.	Inborn purine/pyrimidine/nucleotide metabolism error [5C55]	[12]
Amobarbital	DM0GQ8N	Moderate	Increased metabolism of Praziquantel caused by Amobarbital mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme.	Insomnia [7A00-7A0Z]	[12]
Glycerol phenylbutyrate	DMDGRQO	Moderate	Increased metabolism of Praziquantel caused by Glycerol phenylbutyrate mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme.	Liver disease [DB90-DB9Z]	[12]
Brigatinib	DM7W94S	Moderate	Increased metabolism of Praziquantel caused by Brigatinib mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme.	Lung cancer [2C25]	[12]
PF-06463922	DMKM7EW	Moderate	Increased metabolism of Praziquantel caused by PF-06463922 mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme.	Lung cancer [2C25]	[12]
Selpercatinib	DMZR15V	Moderate	Decreased metabolism of Praziquantel caused by Selpercatinib mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Lung cancer [2C25]	[18]
Idelalisib	DM602WT	Moderate	Decreased metabolism of Praziquantel caused by Idelalisib mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Mature B-cell leukaemia [2A82]	[19]
IPI-145	DMWA24P	Moderate	Decreased metabolism of Praziquantel caused by IPI-145 mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Mature B-cell leukaemia [2A82]	[20]
Vemurafenib	DM62UG5	Moderate	Increased metabolism of Praziquantel caused by Vemurafenib mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme.	Melanoma [2C30]	[12]
Dabrafenib	DMX6OE3	Moderate	Increased metabolism of Praziquantel caused by Dabrafenib mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme.	Melanoma [2C30]	[12]
Exjade	DMHPRWG	Moderate	Increased metabolism of Praziquantel caused by Exjade mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme.	Mineral absorption/transport disorder [5C64]	[12]
Fedratinib	DM4ZBK6	Moderate	Decreased metabolism of Praziquantel caused by Fedratinib mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Myeloproliferative neoplasm [2A20]	[18]
Rucaparib	DM9PVX8	Moderate	Decreased metabolism of Praziquantel caused by Rucaparib mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Ovarian cancer [2C73]	[21]
Abametapir	DM2RX0I	Moderate	Decreased metabolism of Praziquantel caused by Abametapir mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Pediculosis [1G00]	[22]
Lefamulin	DME6G97	Moderate	Decreased metabolism of Praziquantel caused by Lefamulin mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Pneumonia [CA40]	[23]
Lonafarnib	DMGM2Z6	Moderate	Decreased metabolism of Praziquantel caused by Lonafarnib mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Premature ageing appearance [LD2B]	[24]
Enzalutamide	DMGL19D	Major	Increased metabolism of Praziquantel caused by Enzalutamide mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme.	Prostate cancer [2C82]	[12]
Dexamethasone	DMMWZET	Moderate	Increased metabolism of Praziquantel caused by Dexamethasone mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme.	Rheumatoid arthritis [FA20]	[12]
Telotristat ethyl	DMDIYFZ	Moderate	Increased metabolism of Praziquantel caused by Telotristat ethyl mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme.	Small intestine developmental anomaly [DA90]	[12]
Larotrectinib	DM26CQR	Moderate	Decreased metabolism of Praziquantel caused by Larotrectinib mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Solid tumour/cancer [2A00-2F9Z]	[14]
Armodafinil	DMGB035	Moderate	Increased metabolism of Praziquantel caused by Armodafinil mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme.	Solid tumour/cancer [2A00-2F9Z]	[12]
LEE011	DMMX75K	Moderate	Decreased metabolism of Praziquantel caused by LEE011 mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Solid tumour/cancer [2A00-2F9Z]	[25]
Pitolisant	DM8RFNJ	Moderate	Increased metabolism of Praziquantel caused by Pitolisant mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme.	Somnolence [MG42]	[12]
Fostamatinib	DM6AUHV	Moderate	Decreased metabolism of Praziquantel caused by Fostamatinib mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Thrombocytopenia [3B64]	[26]
Elagolix	DMB2C0E	Moderate	Increased metabolism of Praziquantel caused by Elagolix mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme.	Uterine fibroid [2E86]	[12]
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⏷ Show the Full List of 45 DDI Information of This Drug

Drug Inactive Ingredient(s) (DIG) and Formulation(s) of This Drug

DIG

DIG Name	DIG ID	PubChem CID	Functional Classification
Sodium lauryl sulfate	E00464	3423265	Emulsifying agent; Modified-release agent; Penetration agent; Solubilizing agent; Surfactant; lubricant
Magnesium stearate	E00208	11177	lubricant
Titanium dioxide	E00322	26042	Coating agent; Colorant; Opacifying agent
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Pharmaceutical Formulation

Formulation Name	Drug Dosage	Dosage Form	Route
Praziquantel 600 mg tablet	600 mg	Oral Tablet	Oral

Jump to Detail Pharmaceutical Formulation Page of This Drug

References

1	Opportunities and challenges in antiparasitic drug discovery. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2005 Sep;4(9):727-40.
2	Praziquantel FDA Label
3	BDDCS applied to over 900 drugs
4	Trend Analysis of a Database of Intravenous Pharmacokinetic Parameters in Humans for 1352 Drug Compounds
5	Estimating the safe starting dose in phase I clinical trials and no observed effect level based on QSAR modeling of the human maximum recommended daily dose
6	X-ray structure of glutathione S-transferase from Schistosoma japonicum in a new crystal form reveals flexibility of the substrate-binding site. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun. 2005 Mar 1;61(Pt 3):263-5.
7	Biotransformation of praziquantel by human cytochrome p450 3A4 (CYP 3A4). Acta Pol Pharm. 2006 Sep-Oct;63(5):381-5.
8	Identification of human cytochrome P(450)s that metabolise anti-parasitic drugs and predictions of in vivo drug hepatic clearance from in vitro data. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2003 Sep;59(5-6):429-42.
9	Rifampin markedly decreases plasma concentrations of praziquantel in healthy volunteers. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2002 Nov;72(5):505-13.
10	Chemotherapy for schistosomiasis in Ugandan fishermen: treatment can cause a rapid increase in interleukin-5 levels in plasma but decreased levels of eosinophilia and worm-specific immunoglobulin E. Infect Immun. 2004 Jul;72(7):4023-30. doi: 10.1128/IAI.72.7.4023-4030.2004.
11	The anthelminthic drug praziquantel is a selective agonist of the sensory transient receptor potential melastatin type 8 channel. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2017 Dec 1;336:55-65. doi: 10.1016/j.taap.2017.10.012. Epub 2017 Oct 18.
12	Bittencourt PR, Gracia CM, Martins R, et al "Phenytoin and carbamazepine decrease oral bioavailability of praziquantel." Neurology 42 (1992): 492-6. [PMID: 1549207]
13	Product Information. Tukysa (tucatinib). Seattle Genetics Inc, Bothell, WA.
14	Cerner Multum, Inc. "Australian Product Information.".
15	Product Information. Prevymis (letermovir). Merck & Company Inc, Whitehouse Station, NJ.
16	Auclair B, Berning SE, Huitt GA, Peloquin CP "Potential interaction between itraconazole and clarithromycin." Pharmacotherapy 19 (1999): 1439-44. [PMID: 10600094]
17	Product Information. Prezista (darunavir). Ortho Biotech Inc, Bridgewater, NJ.
18	Cerner Multum, Inc. "UK Summary of Product Characteristics.".
19	Product Information. Zydelig (idelalisib). Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA.
20	Product Information. Copiktra (duvelisib). Verastem, Inc., Needham, MA.
21	EMA. European Medicines Agency. European Union "EMA - List of medicines under additional monitoring.".
22	Product Information. Xeglyze (abametapir topical). Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Inc, Upper Saddle River, NJ.
23	Product Information. Xenleta (lefamulin). Nabriva Therapeutics US, Inc., King of Prussia, PA.
24	Product Information. Zokinvy (lonafarnib). Eiger BioPharmaceuticals, Palo Alto, CA.
25	DSouza DL, Levasseur LM, Nezamis J, Robbins DK, Simms L, Koch KM "Effect of alosetron on the pharmacokinetics of alprazolam." J Clin Pharmacol 41 (2001): 452-4. [PMID: 11304902]
26	Product Information. Tavalisse (fostamatinib). Rigel Pharmaceuticals, South San Francisco, CA.